Jammu, often called the "City of Temples," is famous for its rich spiritual heritage, featuring numerous ancient temples that showcase its deep-rooted religious and cultural traditions. Situated in the foothills of the Himalayas, this city serves as a major pilgrimage destination in northern India, drawing visitors from across the country. Jammu boasts countless temples, from ancient shrines to modern structures, each with its own unique historical and spiritual significance. One notable temple is the Bahu Fort Temple, also known locally as "Bawe wali Mata."
The Bahu Fort Temple in Jammu stands out as a significant spiritual and historical site in the area. Nestled within the Bahu Fort, this temple is dedicated to Goddess Kali, who is affectionately referred to as Bawe Wali Mata by the locals. It is one of the oldest forts and temples in Jammu, built by Raja Bahulochan over 3,000 years ago, with later renovations carried out by the Dogra rulers.
History of Bahu Fort:-
According to legend, Agnigarba, a descendant of Raghuvanshi from Ayodhya, lived as a recluse before arriving in Nagarkot (Kangra) in Himachal Pradesh. When the Raja of Kangra learned of his noble lineage, he offered Agnigarba his daughter's hand in marriage along with a portion of the kingdom. At that time, the river Ravi marked the northern boundary of Nagarkot. Agnigarba solidified his jagir, crossed the Ravi, seized several villages in the Kathua area, and proclaimed himself a sovereign king. He eventually became a powerful ruler. After his passing, his son Bayusharva married a princess from Parole (Kathua), known as Eirwan, who sadly died young. In her memory, the Raja established a city that still exists today as a small village called Eirwan. A fair is held at the queen's Samadhi every Baisakhi. Bayusharva expanded the kingdom's borders to the river Ujh. Following his death, his great-grandson Bahulochan ascended to the throne. He moved from Eirwan and constructed a fort on the left bank of the Tawi River, establishing it as his center of power. This fort became known as Bahu Fort.
Some of the glimpses which I personally took, when I last visited the bahu fort park with my family, are as under:-
Key Features of the Bahu Fort Temple:
1. Architecture: The fort showcases traditional Indian fort architecture, characterized by its thick walls and battlements, while the temple is embellished with detailed carvings.
2. Religious Importance: Many devotees visit the temple, especially on Tuesdays and Sundays, which are regarded as auspicious days for honoring Goddess Kali.
3. Bahu Mela: A significant festival held twice a year during Navratras attracts pilgrims from all over the region. It is a time filled with grand celebrations and deep devotion.
4. Location: The fort is situated on a plateau by the banks of the Tawi River, providing a stunning view of both the river and the city of Jammu.
5. Bagh-e-Bahu Gardens: Next to the fort lies the Bagh-e-Bahu, a beautifully designed garden featuring fountains, pathways, and a tranquil atmosphere, making it a favored destination for visitors.
This fort rests on the rocky left bank of Tawi river at a height of 1066 ft above the sea level. It is on a high plateau overlooking serpentine Tawi and show-casing commanding view of Jammu city resting on the opposite high plateau. The hill slope that surrounds the fort has been developed into a well laid out recreational Park called Bagh-e-Bahu, developed on the lines of the Mughal Gardens. The garden attracts large number of local and outsider visitors. Substantial renovation and additions to attract visitors have been made during recent years such as well maintained garden, amusement park, a wonderland, an aquarium, a lake with boating facilities and a cafeteria for refreshments. Bahu Aquarium is one of the best in Asia.
Some portion of fort damaged due to rain:
Unfortunately, on 18 August 2013, a section of the fort wall measuring about 100 feet, which faced the Aquarium, collapsed after several days of heavy rain. Cracks have appeared in the surrounding areas of the fallen wall. Various sources suggest several reasons for the wall's collapse, including: (i) a reduction in the angle of repose slope due to the construction of the Aquarium and the nearby lake, (ii) water seepage within the wall, (iii) the disproportionate height of the walls and towers compared to their narrower width and shallow foundations, (iv) inadequate depth and width of the wall foundations along with poor-quality materials used during construction, and (v) overall neglect of the monument.
The fort has been designated as a heritage site by the state government. The JDA is currently repairing the wall that collapsed last year, with oversight from the Archaeological Survey of India, and a budget of Rs. 65 lakh has been allocated for this work. There is also a proposal to connect the fort to Mubarak Mandi via an aerial ropeway to enhance its appeal as a tourist destination. Ongoing repairs and maintenance are essential for the monument.
In short it can be opined that the temple and its surroundings offer not only a spiritual experience but also a chance to explore the rich cultural heritage and natural beauty of Jammu.
(Vivek Koul)
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