The Chinar tree, known locally as "Bouin," is an essential part of Kashmir's cultural and ecological heritage. It significantly influences the region's identity, culture, and environmental health. Historically, these trees have drawn many tourists, particularly in autumn when their leaves transform into stunning shades of red, yellow, and orange. The Chinar has adorned the landscape of Kashmir for centuries with some trees reporting to be over 600 years old. The oldest known Chinar, on the outskirts of Srinagar, is estimated to have reached approximately 650 years old. The facts presented demonstrate the significance of the Chinar tree as embodied in its continuous requirement for protection now regarded not merely as a natural treasure but also as reflecting the rich heritage of Kashmir. By January 2025, more than 28,500 Chinar trees had been identified and surveyed throughout the length and breadth of the Kashmir Valley. The data collected encompassed precise geographical coordinates, physical features, health assessment, height, girth, and other refereed characteristics of each tree. This fully developed database will act as a resource for tree health monitoring and formulation of more effective means for their protection. In the 1970s, Chinar in Kashmir had an estimated total of around 42,000. However, urban growth, deforestation, and climate change have reduced this population drastically. The census, therefore, is geared toward spelling out the figure for the purposes of preservation thereafter.
Chinar of antiquity and majesty is part of the Kashmir landscape and assumes a unique place in its culture. The saga of seasons passing in Kashmir is personified through the manifestations of Chinar. Chinar is the pride of Kashmir and represents the aspirations of the Kashmiri people. The tree is ornamental and colorful and a masterly one certainly grown all over Kashmir. It is a gigantic tree known for the biological diversity of the birds and burrowing animals. Its foliage is great because of the production of oxygen and the reduction of air and noise pollution. The mighty Chinar trees are fewer in number over the past decade than their counterparts due to plant diseases and pest attacks along with the combined effects of urbanization. The government is taking proactive measures for conserving Chinars, having embarked zealously on planting them through various locations like educational institutions, office complexes, parks, gardens, and other open spaces.
The mighty Chinar of Kashmir, whose number earlier was about 40,000, is in sharp decline. Consequently, existing trees are being conserved and more Chinars are being planted. Chinars are generally planted by the Department of Floriculture in parks and gardens, and upkeeping of these trees is entrusted to them. Chinar is the state tree and is a live heritage of the Jammu and Kashmir union territory. This magnificent tree forms a live part of the rich culture of Kashmir and has a very special place in every Kashmiri heart. The tree is known for its beauty and flamboyance, and it attracts tourists visiting Jammu and Kashmir.
It appears that these trees are facing extinction and require preservation efforts. To protect these magnificent trees, the Jammu and Kashmir Forest Research Institute (FRI) has launched the "Digital Tree Aadhaar" project, which is a commendable initiative. This project involves geo-tagging Chinar trees with QR codes and utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to develop a detailed database that records each tree's location, health status, and growth patterns. A notable Chinar landmark is the "Char Chinar" island in Dal Lake, Srinagar. This island, also referred to as Roph Lank (Silver Island), is home to four Chinar trees at its corners, making it a popular destination for tourists. The "Digital Tree Aadhaar" project demonstrates a dedication to safeguarding Kashmir's natural heritage by using modern technology to monitor and protect the iconic Chinar trees for future generations.
GPS mapping of the iconic Chinar trees in Kashmir has been undertaken with the following important objectives:
1. Conservation and Protection:
The urbanization, deforestation, and climate change reduced the population of Chinars. Here the geo-tagging plays an important role in health monitoring, curbing illegal felling, and conserving the species.
2. Keeping a Digital Record:
The tree is provided with a unique identity code (similar to an Aadhaar for trees). This unique identity creates a base for preparing a database containing detailed information: Name, location, height, girth, and health study, which makes it easier to track.
3. Scientific Study and Growth Monitoring:
It would not be out of context to mention here that Geo-tagging helps researchers to examine the growth patterns and evaluate the effects on environment. It further helps to locate the stress factors that mainly affects the new trees and adoption of remedial measures.
4. Tourism and Cultural Heritage Continued Practices:
The Chinars are an integral part of the landscape and cultural identity in Kashmir. Mapping and marking these trees boost tourism and enhance awareness among the public.
5. Government Policies and Urban Planning:
The data will help in planning for green areas in the region; besides, it will develop newer routes for plantation in rest-of-the-case scenarios.
(Vivek Koul)
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